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Numerus clausus (law)
The numerus clausus is a concept of property law which limits the number of types of right that the courts will acknowledge as having the character of "property". Several consequences follow from a right having the nature of property, as opposed to being a personal right, like a contract or obligation to pay compensation. Historically, the law has given privileged remedies to the holders of property rights over personal claims. These have included priority in payment from an insolvent debtor, a greater likelihood of being awarded specific performance, and security in remaining in possession of land or some other asset against termination of the right to possess. It holds especial importance in land law and corporate law.〔A Kellner "(A Description of the System of Estates in England and Germany in the 18th Century on the Basis of German Travel Reports )" ISBN 978-3-638-28068-6; J.M. Moringiello "(Towards a system of estates in virtual property )" International Journal of Private Law, vol. 1, nr. 1–2 / 2008 pp. 3–13〕
==History==
The numerus clausus principle has its roots in Roman law.〔F Parisi "(THE FALL AND RISE OF FUNCTIONAL PROPERTY )" George Mason Law & Economics Research Paper No. 05-38 2005〕
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